Dubbed German versions of foreign-language films and series are created in several stages. The process, which involves structured division of labour, includes translation, creation of the dialogue script, shooting, actual voice recording, and finally, sound editing and mixing. This article will focus on the first two steps: translation and the dialogue script.
Every film and series dub begins with a precise, accurately researched, idiomatic (not literal) translation of the foreign-language dialogue, based closely on the original. The translation is based on the dialogue or continuity list, but most importantly on the original film (sound and image).
All aspects of the original must be recognised and transferred into their German equivalent, with stylistic attention paid to
If there is no exact equivalent, as in the case of wordplay, dialects, or unfamiliar references in the target language, these must be explained.
The translation does not take into account the length of the text, rhythm, pronounceability, or lip and gesture synchronisation. Dialogue script writers who do not speak the original language should not be sent down the wrong path. A qualified translation offers alternative solutions and provides explanations and research results. It is an interpretation and the basis for a good dubbing text. This is particularly important when dubbing script writers are working from original versions in languages that they do not understand.
In view of this, it is inappropriate to speak of "rough translations" and "rough translators". These misguided terms unfortunately persist.
In the second step, the dubbing text too is created on the basis of the original film (and restricted by the sound and the image), the dialogue or continuity list, and the translation. The dubbing text is synchronised to the time code, lips and gestures, and it matches the rhythm of speech and movement of the original roles. Dialogue script writers ideally develop their own interpretation without distorting the original. To the extent that the editors permit it, they may improve a weak original (whereas weaknesses and errors in the preceding translation may only be commented on). In addition to the dialogue text, the dialogue script also notes non-verbal expressions, reactions, breaths, pauses, and changes of perspective.
If dubbing script writers have the necessary foreign language skills, the translation and the dubbing script can be merged into one work process, so that they come from a single source. Otherwise, or if the dual control principle is required, the processes are carried out in two steps by two people.
The finished dialogue script is now the basis for voice recording in the studio, where dubbing actors act out and record the individual takes – the dialogue, divided into speakable units – under the guidance of the dialogue director.
